Prostate Cancer
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Jun 01 – Jun 08, 2026
PARP and Androgen-Signaling Inhibition plus ADT in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.
NEW ENGL J MED · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #2/332TOP-TIER
This Phase 3 trial (TALAPRO-3) evaluated the efficacy of adding the PARP inhibitor talazoparib to enzalutamide in 599 patients with metastatic androgen pathway modulation-sensitive prostate cancer harboring homologous recombination repair gene alterations. At three years, imaging-based progression-free survival was significantly higher in the talazoparib group at 77% compared to 56% in the control group (HR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.65; P<0.001). While overall survival showed a positive trend (78% vs. 72%), clinicians must manage increased toxicity, as 51% of patients receiving talazoparib experienced grade 3 or higher anemia. These results support the use of combination PARP and androgen-signaling inhibition as a potent first-line strategy for this specific molecular subset of metastatic prostate cancer.
10.1056/NEJMoa2604126
Perioperative Apalutamide in High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer.
NEW ENGL J MED · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #2/332TOP-TIER
This phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy of perioperative androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) plus apalutamide versus ADT plus placebo in 2,109 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for high-risk localized prostate cancer. Apalutamide significantly improved pathological complete response or minimal residual disease rates (8.9% vs. 1.0%; OR 10.17) and 5-year metastasis-free survival (78.2% vs. 73.5%; HR 0.80). The treatment also showed superior event-free survival and delayed subsequent therapy, though it was associated with higher rates of grade 3/4 adverse events, particularly rash (39.6% vs. 31.0%). These results suggest that adding apalutamide to perioperative ADT provides a significant oncologic benefit for patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer, potentially redefining the standard of care.
10.1056/NEJMoa2603878
Aglatimagene besadenovec (CAN-2409) with radiotherapy for patients with localised prostate cancer: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
LANCET ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #8/326TOP-TIER
This phase 3 randomized trial evaluated the efficacy of adding aglatimagene besadenovec (CAN-2409) plus valacyclovir to standard external beam radiation therapy in 745 patients with intermediate or high-risk localized prostate cancer. After a median follow-up of 50.3 months, the treatment group demonstrated significantly improved disease-free survival compared to placebo (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52-0.94; p=0.016), with the median DFS not yet reached in the intervention arm. The intervention showed a manageable safety profile, with grade 3 or worse adverse events occurring in 8% of the aglatimagene group versus 7% in the placebo group. These results suggest that aglatimagene provides a meaningful clinical benefit for localized prostate cancer patients by enhancing the effects of radiotherapy without increasing significant toxicity.
10.1016/S1470-2045(26)00071-9
International disruptions to cancer diagnosis and stage at presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: an International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) population-based study.
LANCET ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #8/326TOP-TIER
This population-based study analyzed 2.6 million patients across seven countries to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the incidence and staging of seven major cancer types in 2020. Researchers found that 16% (55,713) of expected cancer cases were missing between April and December 2020, with the highest deficits occurring in prostate (24%), breast (18%), and melanoma (18%) diagnoses. The data reveals significant regional variations, such as a 54% deficit in UK prostate cancer cases, highlighting critical gaps in screening and diagnostic access during lockdowns. These findings underscore a pressing clinical need to address diagnostic backlogs and monitor for potential stage shifts in patients whose diagnoses were delayed by pandemic-related healthcare barriers.
10.1016/S1470-2045(26)00089-6
May 18 – May 25, 2026
Prostate Cancer Mortality After Relabeling Low-Grade Prostate Cancer as Precancerous.
JAMA ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #14/326TOP-TIER
This decision analytical model evaluated the impact of relabeling Grade Group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer as a precancerous condition on US mortality rates. The study found that relabeling would avoid six times more annual prostate cancer deaths than it would cause (2,835 vs. 452) by increasing screening uptake. Even with conservative estimates, such as a 50% increase in progression rates or only a 3% increase in screening, a net reduction in mortality was maintained. These findings suggest that removing the cancer label from low-grade lesions could significantly reduce population-level mortality by mitigating the deterrents of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1391
May 04 – May 11, 2026
Multicenter, Randomized, Phase II Trial of Olaparib Plus Radium-223 Versus Radium-223 in Men With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastases (COMRADE).
J CLIN ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #6/326TOP-TIER
This multicenter, randomized phase II trial (COMRADE) evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining olaparib with radium-223 versus radium-223 alone in 120 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases. The combination significantly improved median radiographic progression-free survival to 8.9 months compared to 4.7 months for monotherapy (HR 0.50), with even greater benefits observed in docetaxel-naive patients (13.7 vs 5.7 months). While the combination reduced the 1-year incidence of symptomatic skeletal-related events (12.7% vs 22.9%), it also increased grade ≥3 hematologic toxicities, such as lymphopenia and anemia, to 56% from 33%. These results demonstrate that adding a PARP inhibitor to radiopharmaceutical therapy provides a significant progression-free survival advantage, supporting further investigation of DNA damage-targeted strategies despite the increased toxicity profile.
10.1200/JCO-25-02835
Apr 27 – May 04, 2026
On-treatment serum prostate-specific antigen and overall survival in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE platform protocol): a post-hoc analysis of data from five phase 3 trials.
LANCET ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #8/326TOP-TIER
This post-hoc analysis of 7129 prostate cancer patients from five STAMPEDE phase 3 trials investigated the association between on-treatment serum PSA and overall survival. It found that PSA concentrations of 0.2 ng/mL or less at 6, 12, or 24 weeks were associated with equivalent favorable survival rates, with PSA at 24 weeks showing the strongest association. Survival rates for PSA subcategories differed significantly by metastatic volume or nodal status; for instance, 96-month overall survival for metastatic low-volume disease with PSA ≤0.2 ng/mL at 24 weeks was 64.1% versus 44.6% for high-volume. These findings suggest that on-treatment PSA, combined with radiological features, can inform prognosis and potentially guide treatment selection in prostate cancer.
10.1016/S1470-2045(26)00066-5
Local Salvage Therapy Alone for Local Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
JAMA ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #14/326TOP-TIER
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated outcomes of local salvage therapies alone for radiorecurrent prostate cancer, involving 31 studies and 4525 patients. Key findings showed pooled 2-year and 5-year ADT-free survival rates of 76.8% and 55.2%, respectively, and 2-year and 5-year metastasis-free survival rates of 90.4% and 75.2%. Severe adverse event rates ranged from 2% to 14% across different methods. These results suggest local therapies alone offer reasonable efficacy in selected patients with recurrent prostate cancer, providing an option to avoid systemic therapy while maintaining ADT-free survival and manageable toxicities.
10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1023
Apr 13 – Apr 20, 2026
Pain and health-related quality-of-life outcomes with darolutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (ARANOTE): secondary and exploratory analyses of a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
LANCET ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #8/326TOP-TIER
The ARANOTE phase 3 trial evaluated the impact of darolutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on pain and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 669 men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Results demonstrated that darolutamide significantly delayed time to pain progression (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.54–0.96) and extended the time to deterioration of overall wellbeing (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.61–0.94) compared to placebo. The safety profile was manageable, with grade 3–4 adverse events like hypertension occurring in 4% of patients in both groups and serious adverse events occurring in 24% of both cohorts. These findings suggest that darolutamide plus ADT provides clinically meaningful benefits in symptom control and quality of life, reinforcing its role as a standard-of-care option for patients with mHSPC.
10.1016/S1470-2045(26)00014-8
Mar 30 – Apr 06, 2026
Pretreatment MRI as a Prognostic Factor After Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
JAMA ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #14/326TOP-TIER
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies involving 24,941 patients evaluated the prognostic value of pretreatment MRI parameters for oncological outcomes following radical prostatectomy. Results demonstrate that MRI-detected extraprostatic extension (HR 2.16) and seminal vesicle invasion (HR 2.74) are independent predictors of biochemical recurrence, with extraprostatic extension also strongly linked to prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR 10.93). Quantitative markers such as PI-RADS scores of 4-5 and low apparent diffusion coefficient values (HR 2.39) further refine risk assessment for metastatic failure and recurrence. These findings indicate that pretreatment MRI offers critical prognostic data beyond standard clinicopathologic factors, directly informing risk stratification and long-term management strategies for prostate cancer patients.
10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0371
Mar 23 – Mar 30, 2026
Radiographic Progression With and Without Prostate-Specific Antigen Rise in Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide.
J CLIN ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #6/326TOP-TIER
This post hoc analysis of the ARCHES and PROSPER phase III trials (N=2,551) investigated the frequency of radiographic progression (rPD) occurring without a concomitant rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide. Results showed that among patients experiencing rPD on enzalutamide, 25.3% of those with mHSPC and 21.9% with nmCRPC had no PSA rise, significantly higher than the 7.4% and 3.6% seen in respective control groups. The study highlights a critical clinical challenge where traditional biochemical markers fail to signal disease advancement, particularly noting a five-fold increase in liver metastases among enzalutamide-treated patients with rPD. Clinicians should implement periodic radiographic surveillance regardless of PSA stability to avoid missing disease progression and the associated decline in overall survival.
10.1200/JCO-24-02829
Transdermal Estradiol Patches in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.
NEW ENGL J MED · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #2/332TOP-TIER
This phase 3, noninferiority, randomized trial compared transdermal estradiol (tE2) patches to LHRH agonists for androgen-deprivation therapy in 1360 men with locally advanced prostate cancer. tE2 was noninferior to LHRH agonists for 3-year metastasis-free survival (87.1% vs. 85.9%; HR 0.96, upper CI 1.11) and showed comparable 5-year overall survival (81.1% vs. 79.2%; HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.07). Clinically, this study directly addresses cancer treatment by offering an alternative for prostate cancer with similar efficacy but a different side effect profile, notably fewer hot flashes (44% vs. 89%) but more gynecomastia (85% vs. 42%). These findings provide a valuable alternative treatment option for locally advanced prostate cancer, allowing for personalized patient management based on side effect tolerance.
10.1056/NEJMoa2511781
Mar 09 – Mar 16, 2026
New prostate cancer risk groups by PSMA-PET (PPP3): an international, retrospective, registry-based cohort study.
LANCET ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #8/326TOP-TIER
This international, retrospective, registry-based cohort study developed and validated new PSMA-PET-based risk classification nomograms (PPP3) to prognosticate 3-year, 5-year, and 7-year overall survival in prostate cancer patients. Analyzing 11,154 patients, the PPP3 visual and quantitative nomograms demonstrated high accuracy with C indices of 0.83 (95% CI 0.82-0.84) and 0.84 (0.82-0.85) respectively, proving equal or superior to established clinical risk scores. These new risk nomograms and a simplified stratification table provide valuable, improved tools for clinicians to better prognosticate overall survival in prostate cancer. The freely available PROMISE and PPP3 assessments offer a standardized method for risk stratification, aiding clinical decision-making and trial design globally.
10.1016/S1470-2045(26)00016-1
Mar 02 – Mar 09, 2026
Assessing the global demand and supply of brachytherapy resources: a population-based observational study.
LANCET ONCOL · Q1 JOURNAL - RANK #8/326TOP-TIER
This population-based observational study quantified the global demand and supply of brachytherapy resources for six specific cancers, utilizing cancer incidence data from GLOBOCAN 2022 and brachytherapy centre data. It found that 708,948 of 18.5 million new cancer cases in 2022 required brachytherapy, with cervical cancer accounting for 59.3% of indications. Brachytherapy demand was met in 81.5% of HICs but in no LICs, with patients in LICs traveling an average of 551 km compared to 68 km in HICs. These findings highlight profound global inequities in access to this critical cancer treatment, underscoring an urgent need for investment in new centers to improve cancer care worldwide.
10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00718-1